What is cocaine?

Cocaine is a chemical in the class of alkaloids [C17H21NO4] and is a stimulant. Stimulants are all similar in that they “energize” the user and often produce feelings of euphoria and self-confidence.

Cocaine is a naturally occurring substance found in the leaves of the coca plant.  In 1844, cocaine was isolated as the active ingredient in coca leaves.  It was found to be an effective local anesthetic and a stimulant. 

The 1914 Harrison Narcotic Act categorized cocaine as a narcotic (which is scientifically incorrect) and included it in the list of drugs whose sale or possession without payment of a prohibitive tax resulted in harsh criminal penalties.  Outside a limited medical use, cocaine possession, use and supply have been severely restricted ever since. 

Today, cocaine is listed as a Schedule II controlled substance, which are drugs with a high potential for abuse.  Trafficking or possession with intent to distribute 500 grams carries a mandatory minimum sentence of 5 years.  Illegal production or distribution of five kilos or more carries a mandatory minimum of 10 years.  Cocaine is typically processed, imported and distributed as a salt, cocaine hydrochloride.  This makes it quite durable, but water soluble.

Mandatory Minimum information:
http://www.ussc.gov/crack/exec.htm;
http://www.ussc.gov/r_congress/02crack/2002crackrpt.htm

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